怀孕 & 新型冠状病毒肺炎

The 美国妇产科医师学会 (ACOG) and the 母胎医学学会 (SMFM), the two leading organizations representing specialists in obstetric care, recommend that all pregnant individuals be vaccinated against 新型冠状病毒肺炎. The 疾病控制中心 and Prevention (CDC) currently recommend that all individuals aged 6 months and older receive one dose of updated 2023-24 vaccine, 无论以前的免疫状况如何, at least two months from the last dose of any 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine. 如果你不确定, this is a decision that can be made after a discussion with a health care professional who knows your personal medical history.

更新后的辉瑞biontech和Moderna单价XBB.1.5 新型冠状病毒肺炎 2023-2024 vaccines were recently approved and authorized by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), based on studies that showed a stronger immune response against current circulating 新型冠状病毒肺炎 strains than previous versions of the vaccine. 正如所料, 因为mRNA疫苗中没有真正的病毒, they have similar safety profiles to previously available mRNA vaccines. The process for creating these updated vaccines is no different than for the original 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccines, and is comparable to the annual revision of the annual flu vaccine to match circulating strains for that year’s flu season. These updated vaccines are expected to provide improved protection against 新型冠状病毒肺炎 from the currently circulating variants. The Novavax 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine should also be available in a revised form to target newer 新型冠状病毒肺炎 strains, 并使用了一种更“传统”的基于蛋白质的格式, 但它还没有被FDA批准使用. It is recommended that all pregnant women receive any of the available vaccines as soon as possible, 尤其是他们最后一次接种疫苗是在去年. 

A growing body of evidence suggests that fully vaccinated people are less likely to have asymptomatic infection or transmit 新型冠状病毒肺炎 to others. 然而, the most compelling data have demonstrated that individuals who are up to date on their 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccines, 包括助推器, 可能性要小得多, 如果他们被感染了, 因重病需要住院治疗或死亡. 最近的研究表明 people who are up to date on their vaccines are also less likely to develop long COVID if they do get infected.  Pregnant people who receive a 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine during pregnancy produce antibodies against 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 类似于没有怀孕的人. Antibodies produced after a pregnant person receives a 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine pass to the fetus and have been identified in studies of umbilical cord blood samples from newborns. This means that 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccination during pregnancy also helps protect newborns against 新型冠状病毒肺炎. 

新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccination is the best method to reduce maternal and fetal complications of 新型冠状病毒肺炎 infection among pregnant people. ACOG建议孕妇接种疫苗 because there is strong evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine during pregnancy based on data from thousands of reporting individuals. Although pregnancy-specific data are unavailable for the updated vaccine, ongoing surveillance and reporting continuously demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the earlier mRNA 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccines in pregnancy.

Research from the beginning of the pandemic onward has consistently shown that pregnant and recently pregnant people have a higher risk of more severe illness from 新型冠状病毒肺炎 than nonpregnant people. Pregnant people who have 新型冠状病毒肺炎 and show symptoms are more likely than nonpregnant people with 新型冠状病毒肺炎 and symptoms to need care in an intensive care unit (ICU), 需要呼吸机(用于呼吸支持), 或者死于疾病. Still, the overall risk of severe illness and death for pregnant people is low. Pregnant and recently pregnant people with some health conditions, 比如肥胖和妊娠糖尿病, 可能会有更高的严重疾病风险, 类似于没有怀孕的人. Certain complications such as preterm delivery and risks of miscarriage or stillbirth may be increased for those with 新型冠状病毒肺炎 during pregnancy.

新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccination is recommended for all people 6 months and older, 包括母乳喂养的人. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗不会导致任何人感染, 包括母亲和婴儿, and the vaccines are effective at preventing 新型冠状病毒肺炎 in people who are breastfeeding. Recent reports have shown that breastfeeding people who have received mRNA 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccines have antibodies present in their breastmilk, 怎样才能保护她们的孩子呢. 然而, these levels are lower and possibly less effective than antibodies passed to the fetus if the mother is vaccinated while still pregnant. You do not have to delay or stop breastfeeding just because you get a vaccine.

Individuals who receive an updated vaccine may experience similar side effects (such as local injection site pain, 头疼, and malaise) as those reported by individuals who previously received mRNA 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccines. Fever was reported in 6% of updated vaccine recipients (previously reported range: 4-8%).  如果孕妇在接种疫苗后出现发烧, acetaminophen is recommended and can safely be used in pregnancy.

这三个站点包含可信的, 以证据为基础的, patient-focused information for pregnant and lactating individuals:

• 疾病控制中心
• 母胎医学学会
• 美国妇产科医师学会